Sorry if they dont make a lot of sense. This is my first time hearing all these events.
And yes if you don't know by now this is a Shia school :) Lets break it down.
400AD
Qusay - Great Grandfather of Abu Mutalib comes to fix the Kaab'a and organize the people of the city. His son is Abd Manaf who has a son named Hashim. This is where the Bin Hashim come from.
The family of the Umaya challenge Hashim for control, but they do not obtain it.
This put into place the Bin Hashim and their knowledgable group used to break down conflicts. Out of this family comes Abu Mutalib and his sons Abudullah, Abutalib, Abbas, and Hamza.
The Umayas
Abu Sufyan - well known in Mecca as a leader of the city and not a fan of Muhammad's message for it purposes a threat to his status. Muhammad preaches no usury which is his main source of income.
Hind - Abu Sufyan's wife. She claims her family was killed by Imam Ali. She lead to the birth of Muawiya father of Yezed.
A treaty is produced between the pagans and the muslims of mecca saying the will not attack each other for 10 years.
The issue of what happened when Umar was put into power as Caliph:
1) He pushed Abu Bakr into power before he was ready
2) He eliminated Temporary Marriage and Tanaf un Nisa (I still dont know what this is)
3) Brought the Bani Umayah to power
Temp marriage being band is considered bad because it led to more illegitimate children. Children were not considered illegitimate if the woman knew the father for sure. (Obviously I don't agree with this.)
Part 2
Caliphrates
Abu Bakr - 3 yrs
Umar - 10 yrs
Uhman - 12 yrs
Imam Ali - 4yrs 9 months
Imam Hasan - 10 yrs
Muawiya - 19 yrs
What is the issue - money becomes more important than anything. Zakat was forced under the rule of Umar. Uthman became the puppet of Muawiya. He did one good thing: he established a good relationship with the Christians in the surrounding area. Muawiya already considers himself KING of the empire and chastises the Alhul Bayt (family of the prophet)
Muawiya wants Uthman out so he causes an upraising in Medina over Uthman and his practices. Uthman is attacked in his home and sieged. Muawiya could have saved him but does not and the people kill him in his palace.
After Uthman, the people beg Imam Ali to be their leader as they are tired of how everything has gone downhill. They want someone to build back the integrity of the Caliph. Imam Ali reluctantly accepts. But he refuses to accept any changes to the religion made by the previous caliphs. Muawiya is terrified he will loose his status.
Battle of the Camel
One in a place of authority Imam Ali sends a representative to Muawiya and asks him to step down. Muawiya instead captures the man and holds him for 3 months. He sends the man back with embarrassing rumors that Imam Ali murdered Uthman. Then, Muawiya prepared an army of 80,000 to take Iraq.
Battle of Sifeen
Companions of Imam Ali - Ammar Ibn Yasir, Abdullah Ibn Abbas, Malik Ashtar
Muawiya's army stops the battle during the month of Muharram. They want an impartial representative to rep Imam Ali's side and the people, influenced by Muawiya and their unwilingness to fight, want to send Abu Jafar. Imam Ali thinks this is a horrible idea and wants to send Malik Ashtar. But he sends Abu Jafar and Abu Jafar accepts everything he is told by Muawiya. And a treaty is made at the Battle of Sifeen.
1st Betrayal of the Ahlul Bayt by the people of Kufa:
Forced Imam Ali into a truce with Muawiya
Attacking Egypt - Imam Ali sends Malik Ashtar to Egypt but is poisoned on his way. Muawiya appoints Amr ibn A-as as governor of Egypt. He was not a good man and was an illegitimate child (apparently, according to my teacher, this automatically makes you a bad person. Didnt sit well with the class I can tell you that. He eventually had to admit that just because you are illegitimate does not mean you are condemned. Silly Br. Bil. Although illegitimate children are not allowed to lead prayer. And none of these rules were made by the prophet btw)
Imam Ali is martyed and Imam Hasan takes over.
2nd Betrayal
Imam Hasan has to give over the Caliphate to Muawiya
Imam Hasan goes with the army of Kufans to fight Muawiya and they trick Imam Hasan and cause disention in the army. They want to make peace with Muawiya so they do not have to fight. One of his own soldiers attacks Imam Hasan and rumor gets out that Imam Hasan cannot control his men. He looses his support. Makes a treaty and gives over the caliphate under the condition that Muawiya can never select a successor. It must return to the Bin Hashim.
As Muawiya ages he realizes that he must do away with Imam Hasan to break the treaty. He goes to Imam Hasan's wife Joda and says he will marry her to Yezed, who shall be king by his order, and give her a lot of money if she were to kill her husband. She does so but Muawiya refuses saying "I will give you money. But I love my son too much to let you marry him. You killed your husband, who says you will not do it again?"
End of notes.
Posts
Very interesting! Thanks :)
ReplyDeleteI *think* its TaWaf un Nisa and not TaNaf un Nisa. Sunnis don't have it but Fiqh Jafaria does.
Achelois: that might have been why I had trouble looking it up. I have no idea what it is! They keep mentioning it but not defining it!
ReplyDeleteTawaf un Nisa seems to be something related to hajj and umrah. Have a look here, it roughly explains it http://www.al-islam.org/hajjandfiveschools/8.htm
ReplyDeleteVery interesting. It sounds like a lot of material covered in a short amount of time though.
ReplyDeleteForced Zakat under Umar huh? It would definitely lose its meaning if it were forced. Then again, its sort of like having to pay taxes in most countries today.
Stacy: I believe what he meant was that there were people when Muhammad was in charge that Muhammad did not force to pay tax. I went back and looked and actually this was done under both Abu Bakr and Umar, they sent military men to collect the tax from these people that previously Muhammad never taxed.
ReplyDeleteEllen: I have no idea what that article is trying to tell me :) It sounds like its speaking a completely foreign language. No wonder muslims often take a class before going to hajj, too complicated.
ReplyDeleteHaj is not that complicated but there are different additional rituals in Fiqh Jafaria. Tawaf un Nisa is an additional tawaf around the Kaaba after the Haj is complete (after Tawaf al wida - farewell circumambulation). In today's time tawaf around the Kaaba during hajj season can take up to 4 hours so it is quite lengthy.
ReplyDeleteIn Shia Islam if a man or woman goes for Haj and s/he is married then they must do Tawaf un Nisa (tawaf of women). If they don't then they become non-mahram to their spouses. I have no idea why that happens though :D
Achelois: That is it!!! I could not for the life of me understand it! I still dont understand it but your explanation actually makes sense. So you like get unmarried....thats weird LOL
ReplyDeleteI have no idea....Ooooo I ask my teacher! I have to get a book from him anyway. :)
In Islam there is a difference between voluntary charity and what I would call obligatory charity (as opposed to "forced").
ReplyDeleteVoluntary charity is either known as sadaqa (alms) or infaq fi sabilillah (spending in the service of Allah), whereas obligatory charity is zakat, the third of the five pillars. For Muslims, the thought of not paying zakat is looked on with distaste because the voluntary nonpayment of zakat when one is obligated to and has the means to do so is tantamount to disbelief. Likewise, in the past, zakat was equivalent to a national tax, obligatory on all Muslim subjects of the realm, so the classical notion of zakat vs. modern income taxes is not that far off.
The thing is, Muslims were and are encouraged to pay both the obligatory and voluntary charities. Paying zakat is not only for the benefit of the poor and others who are eligible to receive the money, it's actually as much for the benefit of the payer's soul.
Zakat literally means "purification and growth" because the payment of zakat leads to both the purification and growth of one's soul. The act of giving zakat helps to dampen the soul's love and lust for material wealth.
A hadith from Tirmidhi's collection has the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) saying:
"The trial for my ummah is wealth".
By paying zakat we both fulfill our obligation upon the rights of men (just as prayer fulfills our obligation upon the rights of Allah) and increase our concern for our fellow man.
Anon: The force tax was applied to NON-MUSLIMS that previously Muhammad did not make pay their taxes. They were suppose to but they refused and he didn't push the issue. Is that not in the notes? Sorry about that. I know well the requirement of Zakat. That was not the issue in this case. But thanks for the info :)
ReplyDelete